Bulletin 112 Comparative Physiology of Microbes

 The basic microbial metabolism has many similarities to man.  For microbes to live and reproduce, the following needs are necessary: 

1.      Carbon

2.      Nitrogen

3.      Phosphates

4.      Source of Energy

5.      Vitamins and Minerals

6.      Suitable pH

7.      Suitable Oxidation - Reduction Potential

8.      Suitable Osmonic Pressure

9.      Suitable Moisture Concentration

10.  Suitable Temperature

11.  Absence of Toxic Chemicals

Generally speaking, mold can tolerate a lower pH than yeast and in turn yeast can tolerate a lower pH than bacteria.

 With respect to their relationship to air or oxygen, organisms can be classified into three classes:

1.      Aerobic - will grow only in the presence of air

2.      Facultative - will grow in the presence or absence of air

3.      Anaerobic - will grow only in the absence of air

 Molds are usually aerobic.  Yeasts are mostly facultative.  Bacteria can be any of the three.  Most bacteria are facultative (staphylococci, streptococci and salmonella).  Some bacilli are aerobic.  The Nigro organisms which cause tetanus, gas gangrene and the deadly botulinum food poisoning are anaerobic.

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